Standard martensitic stainless hlau muaj xws li hom 403, 410, 414, 416, 416 (Se), 420, 431, 440A, 440B, thiab 440C. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov hlau no yog muab los ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus chromium, uas yog li ntawm 11.5% mus rau 18%. Cov hlau uas muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab dua feem ntau yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus siab dua cov pa roj carbon monoxide kom ntseeg tau tias tsim cov martensite thaum kho cua sov. Qhov peb tau hais los saum no 440-series stainless hlau tsis tshua pom zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau vuam, thiab cov hlau muab tub lim nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog 440-series tsis tau yooj yim.
Hloov kho cov qauv ntawm cov qauv martensitic steels suav nrog cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li npib tsib xee, molybdenum, thiab vanadium. Cov kev sib ntxiv no feem ntau ua rau kom nce qhov kev txwv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov qauv hlau mus rau qib siab tshaj 1100 K. Thaum cov ntsiab lus no ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus carbon kuj nce ntxiv; Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nce, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tawg hauv cov cua sov ua kom tawv nqaij- cuam tshuam thaj chaw (HAZ) uas nyob ib sab ntawm qhov vuam yuav hnyav dua.
Martensitic stainless hlau tuaj yeem welded nyob rau hauv lub annealed, hardened, los yog hardened - thiab - tempered xeev. Txawm hais tias qhov pib mob ntawm cov hlau, cov vuam tsis sib xws ua rau muaj qhov sib zog martensitic cheeb tsam nyob ib sab ntawm cov hlaws weld. Lub hardness ntawm no tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam yog feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm lub hauv paus hlau. Raws li hardness nce, toughness txo, ua rau thaj tsam no cuam tshuam rau kev tawg. Preheating thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm interpass yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv qhov tawg; Tsis tas li ntawd, kom ua tiav cov khoom siv kho kom zoo, tom qab-weld kev kho cua sov yog xav tau. Martensitic stainless hlau yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel uas nws cov khoom tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm kev kho cua sov (tshwj xeeb, quenching thiab tempering); colloquially, lawv raug hu ua "hardenable" stainless hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv no hais tias cov hlau zoo li no yuav tsum ua tiav ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Ua ntej, lawv cov kab kos theem sib npaug yuav tsum nthuav tawm thaj tsam austenitic. Qhov no ua kom paub tseeb tias - tom qab lub cua sov ntev nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm thaj av no kom yaj cov carbides rau hauv cov hlau matrix - tom qab quenching yuav ua rau tsim ntawm martensite; Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau tswj kom poob rau hauv (austenite) lossis + (austenite-plus-ferrite) theem teb. Qhov thib ob, txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo uas muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab oxidation, cov ntsiab lus chromium yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm lossis siab dua 10.5%. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem muab faib ua martensitic chromium stainless hlau thiab martensitic chromium-nickel stainless hlau.
Lub ntsiab alloying hauv martensitic chromium stainless hlau yog hlau, chromium, thiab carbon. Hauv cov hlau -nplua nuj cheeb tsam ntawm Fe-Cr binary theem daim duab-tshwj xeeb yog thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium tshaj 13%- theem gamma () tsis muaj nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov alloys no yog ib qho -theem ferritic alloys thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim martensite raws li kev kho cua sov. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov no, austenite- tsim cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv Fe-Cr binary alloy system kom nthuav dav gamma{11}}theem teb. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm martensitic chromium stainless hlau, carbon (C) thiab nitrogen (N) ua haujlwm zoo; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm C thiab N tso cai rau cov hlau kom haum rau cov ntsiab lus chromium ntau dua.
Hauv tsev neeg ntawm martensitic chromium stainless hlau, carbon (C) sawv -nrog chromium- ua lwm yam tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb. Tseeb tiag, martensitic chromium stainless cua sov-cov hlau tsis muaj zog yog cov hauv paus hauv chav kawm ntawm ternary Fe-Cr-C alloys. Lawm, lwm yam tseem muaj nyob; los ntawm kev noj cov ntsiab lus no rau hauv tus account, kwv yees microstructure ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv Schaeffler daim duab. Martensitic stainless hlau feem ntau muaj qis-carbon lossis siab- carbon steels nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium xws li 12% mus rau 18%. Cov qib martensitic stainless hlau tau dav siv thoob plaws ntau lub tebchaws feem ntau poob rau hauv peb pawg hauv qab no:
1. Tsawg-carbon thiab nruab nrab-carbon 13% Cr steels
2. Siab- carbon 18% Cr steels
3. Tsawg-carbon 17% Cr steels uas muaj nickel (kwv yees li 2%)
